COVID-19的Omicron變種新近爆發,有說法認為它傳染力強,但對人體影響輕微,可以和一般傷風感冒等量齊觀。「閱肝」搜集各地一些研究資料,希望一同更了解Omicron的殺傷力。
香港的「第五波疫情」,死亡率約為0.3%。韓國疾病管理廳在2022年1月公佈數據:感染Delta及Omicron變種的死亡率分別為0.8及0.16%[1]。歐洲疾病預防控制中心則公佈2021年末至2022年初的數據,在155,150名歐洲各國的Omicron患者中,住院率、急症率和死亡率分別為1.14%、0.16%和0.06%[2]。
以死亡率來比較,Omicron較貼近季節性流感(約0.1%)[3],而非一般傷風感冒。
COVID-19家族,包括Omicron除影響呼吸道外,還有可能出現長期病徵,如容易疲倦、記性差、思維不清、失眠、呼吸困難和脫髮[4],這些症狀,甚至在「康復」(病毒測試轉為陰性)後六個月仍會持續,甚至更長。這也有別於一般傷風感冒。
香港中文大學曾研究腸道微生物和COVID19後遺症的關係,詳見麥詠欣教授〈腸道微生物主宰人體健康?壞菌多令COVID19不能斷尾!〉
註釋:
[1] The Korea Herald “Korea embraces ‘milder’ omicron, opts for focused protection”. https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220127000919
[2] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control “Weekly epidemiological update: Omicron variant of concern (VOC) – week 2 (data as of 20 January 2022) EU/EEA”. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/weekly-epidemiological-update-omicron-variant-concern-voc-week-2-data-20-january-2022?fbclid=IwAR2T5qPBce4gHpwVNFaSJruG9i_4G_03vG7aO2JJf07jA_xuzG4ID-PWOwk
[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention “Estimated Flu-Related Illnesses, Medical Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in the United States — 2017–2018 Flu Season”. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/2017-2018.htm
[4] WHO Europe, “In the wake of the pandemic: preparing for Long COVID (2021)”. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/2021/in-the-wake-of-the-pandemic-preparing-for-long-covid-2021
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